副词的位置

副词在句子中的位置比较灵活，现将常见的几种现象归纳如下：
1. 地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般置于句尾
We visited the car factory yesterday.
昨天我们参观了那家轿车生产厂。（时间副词作时间状语）
 
We heard Li Ying singing a song outside.
我们听见李英在外面唱歌。（地点副词作地点状语）
 
Don’t’make a noise. My son is studying English carefully.
别出声，我儿子正在认真学英语呢。（方式副词作方式状语）
 
注意. 表示时间的副词也可置于句首，以示强调。 例如：
Yesterday I went to see my grandma.
昨天我去看望我奶奶了。
 
Tomorrow I'll go shopping with my mother.
明天我将和妈妈一起去购物。
 
2. 频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前
Mary is always late for the meeting.
玛丽开会老是迟到。
 
We must always remember our friends.
我们必须牢记我们的朋友。
 
I have never been to London.
我从未去过伦敦。
 
My mother often does morning exercises in the morning.
我妈妈经常在早上做早操。
 
3. 程度副词作状语的两种情况
1）修饰动词时与频度副词的位置一样。
She quite likes maths.
她相当喜欢数学。
 
My grandfather lived nearly ninety years old.
我祖父活了几乎九十岁。
 
2）修饰形容词和其他副词时，位于被修饰词之前。
He studies English very hard.
他刻苦学习英语。
 
The story is very interesting.
这故事很有趣。
 
但enough放在所修饰的形容词之后。例如:
The pen was good enough.
这钢笔够好的啦。  
 
4. 否定副词置于行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后
I seldom watch TV on weekdays.
工作日我很少看电视。
 
He never telephones me.
他从未给我打过电话。
 
I can not speak English well.
我说不好英语。
 
注意. 有时为了强调也可以将某些否定副词（如：seldom, hardly never）前移，置于句首，此时句子应使用倒装结构。 例如：
Never have I seen such an interesting film before.
我以前从未看过如此有趣的电影。
 
Hardly can I understand your French.
我几乎听不懂你的法语。
 
5.疑问副词应放在特殊疑问句的句首
When will you visit America?
你何时出访美国？
 
Where were you yesterday?
你昨天在哪儿？
 
6.地点状语在前，时间状语在后
 
The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.
2008年的奥运会将在北京举行。
 
We would like to go on a party in the open air next Saturday.
下周六我们将在野外举办一次聚会。
 
7.副词作定语时，多位于它所修饰的词之后
Their day together still remains vivid in our minds.
他们在一起度过的日子仍清晰地留在我们的脑海里。
 
The workers here work very hard.
这里的工人们干活很卖力。
 
8.少数副词的灵活位置
 
少数副词在句子中的位置非常灵活，常放在与它关系最密切的词前表示强调，译成汉语时意思也不一样。例如：only这个词就是如此。
Only I heard of this just now.
刚才只有我听到这件事。(没其他人)
 
I heard of only this just now.
刚才我只听到这件事。(没听到别的事)
 
I heard of this only just now.
我只是在刚才才听到这件事。(强调时间)
 
附：几类副词的常见位置
一） 频率副词的位置
频率副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never, ever, usually , rarely, occasionally, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等以及just, shortly等其他副词必须放在助动词、情态动词或be动词与实义动词之间。在省略结构中，这些副词必须放在助动词、情态动词或be 动词之前。
Examples
We ___ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A. just have had  B. have just had   C. just had had   D. had just had
San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles ____.
A. is rarely   B. rarely is C. hardly is     D. is scarcely
 
二） 程度副词的位置
程度副词的位置通常放在所修饰的词前面， 如very, much, almost, hardly, nearly, awfully, fairly, rather等。但enough必须放在所修饰词的后面。
How I wish John recognized the fact that he ___ in the wrong.
A. is always nearly    B. always is nearly C. is nearly always         D. nearly is always
 
三） 频率副词的位置
频率副词如always, usually, never, ever, just, shortly, seldom, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, rarely, occasionally常放在助动词、情态动词、或be动词后或实义动词之前，但在省略结构中，必须置于助动词、情态动词或be动词之前。
San Francisco is usually cool in summer, but Los Angeles ____. (91.6)
A. is rarely      B. hardly is     C. rarely is     D. is scarcely
 
四） 评注性副词的位置
对全句进行修饰的评注性副词如actually，fortunately, surely, certainly, briefly通常放在句首，并用逗号隔开。
Not ____, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture. (93.6)
A. obviously    B. particularly     C. surprisingly     D. normally

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