if虚拟语气的用法归纳三种时态例句举例造句if虚拟语气的省略倒装

一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：
从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……
主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……
例：
1.If I were you, I would go with him.
2.If the weather were fine, I would go there.
如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好）
3.If I were you, I would read it again.
如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你）
4.If time permitted, I would write it again.
如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许）
5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.
要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪）
6.What would I do if I were in your place?　
要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上）
7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.
他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急）
8.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.
如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助）
9.If we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.
如果有人力,我们还能开更多的荒地.
10. If I were you, I would go with him.
(从句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)
11. If I were you, I should buy it.
(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy)
12. If I had time, I would study French.
(如果有时间，我会学习法文。）（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study）
13. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.
(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……"
14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.
(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)
 
二）、表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。如：
If I had known of your arrival I should have met you at the station.
如果我早知道你要来，我会去车站接你的。
If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。
If She hadn't been so strict with herself, she wouldn't have made such great progress.
她要是对自己要求不严格，她就不会有这样大的进步。
If the child had fallen through the ice, he would have drowned.
假如这孩子掉到冰窑里，他定会淹死了。
 
三）、表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。其用法和表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果相同。如：
If it Were Sunday tomorrow，my brother would go skating at the Beihai Park.
如果明天是星期天，我弟弟会去北海公园滑冰的。
If you dropped the glass，it would break.
你如将杯子掉下来，它就会打碎的。
What Would happen if I put the paper on the fire? －It Would bum.
我若把纸放在火上会怎么样?--纸就会烧着。
 
[注]在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，亦可用were to + 动词原形(比较正式，常用于书面体中)和should + 动词原形。如：
If you were to come tomorrow，I might have time to see you.
你如果明天来的话，我或许会有时间见你。
If I were to see her tomorrow，I would tell her about your decisions.
我明天如见到她，就把你的决定告诉她。
If it should rain tomorrow，what would we do?
明天万一下雨，我们怎么办?
If you should meet George，tell him I want to see him.
你如见到乔治，告诉他我要见他。

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