虚拟语气的用法

更新时间:2014-05-26 08:50点击:
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虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。如:
If I were not so busy,I would go with you.
假如我不太忙,我会和你一起去。(表示假设)
I wish Lao Li were here.H6 would know how to fix the machine.
老李在这儿就好了,他会知道怎样把机器修好的。(表示愿望)
He suggests that we should all go to see the film.
他建议我们都去看电影。(表示建议)
 
一)虚拟语气在条件从句和结果主句中的用法
1)表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果,:如:
If I Were you, I should go and see the dentist at once.
假如我是你的话,我会马上去看牙科医生。
If they had time,they would study Italian too.
假如他们有时间的话,他们也会学意大利语的。
2)表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。如:
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话,你就见到他了。
If the child had fallen through the ice, he would have drowned.
假如这孩子掉到冰窑里,他定会淹死了。
3)表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。其用法和表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果相同。如:
If it Were Sunday tomorrow,my brother would go skating at the Beihai Park.
如果明天是星期天,我弟弟会去北海公园滑冰的。
If you dropped the glass,it would break.
你如将杯子掉下来,它就会打碎的。
 
二)虚拟语气用在主语从句中
在It is natural(necessary,strange,important) that...这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用should加动词原形。如:
It is quite natural that he should think so.
他这样想是很自然的事。
It is strange that he Should have gone away without telling us.
真奇怪,他没有通知我们就走掉了。
It is important that we should speak politely.
我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。
 
三)虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
1)在动词wish后的宾语从句(常常省去连词that),表示不可实现的愿望。如:
I wish I knew how to operate the machine.
我要是会操作这架机器该有多好啊! (= I'm sorry I don't know.)
We wish you had come to our New Year's party.
我们真希望你来参加我们的新年联欢会。(= but you did not)
I wish you would be quiet.
我希望你安静一些。
2)动词demand(要求),suggest(建议),order (命令),insist(坚持),propose(建议)等后面的宾语从句,用should(用于所有的人称)加动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
I suggest that we should hold a meeting tonight.
我建议今晚开个会。
The chairman proposed that we Should discuss the question.
主席提议我们讨论这个问题。
Most students insist that they should have more English classes.
多数同学坚持要多上英语课。
 
四)虚拟语气用在状语从句中
由as if或as though所引导的状浯从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(be用were)或had + 过去分词。如:
My mother locked after the orphan as if he were her own child.
我母亲照料这个孤儿像自己孩子一样。
You speak as if you had really been there.
你谈得好像你真的到过那里似的。
 
五)虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is time (that)…句型中的定语从句里的谓语动词常用虚拟浯气表示将来,动词形式用动词的过去式:意思是"该干某件事了,时间已经有些晚了"。如:
It is time we went to bed.
我们该睡觉了。
It is time we summed up our results.
我们该总结我们的成绩了。
 
六)虚拟语气用在简单句中
下面是虚拟语气用在简单句中较常见的两种情况,皆表祝愿。如:
1)动词原形1ive用在Long live…中。如:
Long live the Communist Party of China!
中国共产党万岁!
Long live the people!
人民万岁!
(1ive在此也是虚拟语气的一种动词形式,不可改为lives)
2)May用在句子开头(多用在正式的文体中)。如:
May you be happy.
祝你快乐。
May you do even better!
祝你取得更大成就!
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