英汉对照读物60

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这是英汉对照读物完整下载版，共包含60篇精典英汉对照文章。
 
举例
21. Does Travel Broaden the Mind?
      1. One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind: if you stay in your own country the whole time, your ideas remain narrow; whereas if you travel abroad you see new customs, eat new foods, do new things, and come back home with a broader mind.
     2. But does this always - or even usually - happen? An acquaintance of mine who lives in England and had never been outside it until last summer decided to go over to France for a trip. When he returned, I asked him how he liked it. "Terrible," was his answer. "I couldn't get a nice cup of tea anywhere. Thank goodness I'm back." I asked him whether he hadn't had any good food While he was there. "Oh, the dinners were all right," he said. "I found a little place where they made quite good fish and chips. Not as good as ours, mind you, but they were
passable. But the breakfasts were terrible: no bacon or kippers. I had flied eggs and chips, but it was quiet a business getting them to make them. They expected me to eat rolls. And when I asked for marmalade, they brought strawberry jam.
And do you know, they insisted that it was marmalade? The trouble is they don't know English."
     3. I thought it use less to explain that we borrowed the word 'marmalade' from French, and that it means, in that language, any kind of jam. So I said, "But didn't you eat any of the famous French food?  ....  What? Me?" he said. "Of course not! Give me good old English food every time! None of these fancy bits for me!" obviously travel had not broadened his mind. He had gone to France determined to live there exactly as if he was in England, and had judged it entirely from his own English viewpoints.
     4. This does not, of course, happen only tO Englishmen in France: all nationalities, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste and smell according to their own habits and customs. People who are better educated and who have read a lot about foreign countries tend to be more adaptable and tolerant, but this is because their minds have already been broadened before they start travelling. In fact, it is easier to be broad-minded about foreign habits and customs, if one's acquaintance with these things is limited to books and
films. The American smiles tolerantly over the absence of central heating in most English homes when he is himself comfortably seated in his armchair in his centrally heated house in Chicago; the English man reads abut the sanitary arrangements in a certain tropical country, and the inhabitants of the latter read about London fogs, and each side manages to be detached and broad-minded. But actual physical contact with things one is unaccustomed to is much more difficult to bear philosophically.
    5. Physical differences are not so difficult to adapt oneself to as religious, ethical and irrational ones. Indonesians are trained from earliest childhood to give and receive things with the right hand only; the left hand is considered unclean.
When a foreigner offers an Indonesian something with his left hand, or holds out his left hand to take something he is being offered, the Indonesian may explain this action rationally as arising from a difference in custom, but the deep prejudice against the use of the left hand which was instilled in him during his most impressionable years will not be so easily done away with.
    6. There are some travelers who adapt themselves so successfully to foreign customs and habits that they incur the severe criticisms of their more stubborn fellow-countrymen. If they are Asians, they are accused of hayings become "Westernized", and if they are Europeans, people say they have "gone native".
Which is better: rigid, self-satisfied prejudice against things foreign (the idea "Thank God I am not as others are!"), or loss of your certainty that your own country's habits and customs are the only right ones, and hence the inability to be one of a herd any longer?
    7. Perhaps the ideal would be if travel could succeed in making people tolerant of the habits and customs of others without abandoning their own. The criterion for judging a foreigner could be: Does he try to be polite and considerate to others? Instead of: Is he like me?
 
  参考译文：旅游开阔思路吗?
    1．人们经常听说旅游开阔思路：如果你一生总是呆在自己的国家，你的想法很狭隘，如果你旅行到国外，你会看见新的风俗，吃到新的食物，做新的事情，然后回到家中便会有更加开阔的思路。
    2．但是，这种情况是否总是(或者说经常)发生呢?我有一位熟人常住英国，从未出过国，去年夏天决定到法国去旅行。当他回来后，我问他喜欢那儿吗?  “糟糕透了”，这就是他的回答。“我在那里怎么也喝不到一杯好茶。
  谢天谢地，我现在回来了。”我问他在那边吃过什么好东西没有。他说：“哦，饮食还好，我发现有个地方做的炸鱼和炸土豆也不错。不过可不象我们做的那么好，马马虎虎吧。可是早餐就差了。没有咸肉片，也没有熏鲑。我吃过煎鸡蛋和炸土豆条，但是要他们做出这些东西来可费事了。他们以为我会吃法式面包卷。当我要他们上橘：厂酱时，他们却给我拿来草莓酱。你知道吗，
  他们硬况是那就是橘于酱，麻烦出在他们根本不懂英语。”
    3．我想不需要解释我们是从法语借了marmalade这个词，而在法语中它表示各种果酱。因此我说：“但你吃过著名的法国食物没有?”“什么?我?”他说：“当然没有!还是每天都给我上吃惯了的英国美食吗!可别给我来那些花花哨哨的玩意儿!"显然，旅行并没有开阔他的思路!他去了法国，但他却硬要在那里过在英国过惯了的生活，判断任何事情完全根据他自己的英国的观点。    ．
    4．这种情况当然不仅仅发生在在法国的英国人身上。所有民族的人到了外国往往按照他们的风俗习惯判断他们所看到、听到、品味到和嗅到的东西。
  受过良好教育、阅读过许多有关外国情况的书的人往往更能适应，更能忍受。但这是因为他们的思路在他们开始旅行以前已经变得开阔了。事实上，如果谁只是局限在书籍和电影上了解外国的风俗习惯，那么他对这些风俗就比较容易做到宽容大度了。在芝加哥，当美国人舒服地坐在安乐椅上时，他对在多数英国人家庭里没有中央供暖设备便会露出宽容的微笑。当英国人读到有关某些热带国家的卫生设施情况时，同样，当那些热带国家的居民读到有关伦敦大雾的情况时，他们各自都会比较超脱，比较宽容的。但是真正接触到那些并刁；习惯的事物在观念上就难以忍受了。
    5．比起宗教的、伦理的和不合乎常理的差异来说，物质的差异适应起来不那么困难。印度尼西亚人，从幼年时候起被训练只用右手给予或接受东西，左手被认为是不干净的。当外国人用左手向印度尼西亚人给予东西，或伸出左手接受别人给予的东西时，印度尼西亚人可能会合理地解释这一‘动作是由于习惯上的差异，但是在他记性最好的年岁里就植根于他脑海中的，反对使
用左手的深深的偏见，却并不是轻而易举可以摆脱的。
    6．有的旅游者非常成功地使自己适应了国外的风俗习惯，他们甚至遭受到本国更为顽固的同胞们的严厉批评。如果他们是亚洲人，他们常常被指责为完全变得“西方化了”。如果他们是欧洲人，人们说他们“变成了土著居民”。
哪一种态度好些：顽固地自满地反对外国事物的偏见(“感谢上帝我和别的人不一样”的想法)；或者不再相信你自己国家的风俗习惯是唯一正确的，从而再也不能成为这一群体的一员?
    7．看来，理想的情况是，旅游能够成功地使人宽容地对待别国的风俗习惯，而又不放弃自己的那一套。判断外国人的准绳最好是：他是否努力作到客气而又关心旁人。而不应该是：他的行为举止是否和我一样?
 

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