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举例

在高考英语考试中，阅读理解部分是重点也是难点。以下是一些提高阅读理解能力的方法：

1. 调整心态。考生要尽量保持平静和冷静，避免过度紧张或焦虑。阅读理解需要细致和耐心，所以考生要尽量让自己处于一个轻松、专注和自信的心态下进行考试。

2. 增加词汇量。词汇量是阅读理解的基础。考生可以通过背词汇表、阅读英文文章、看英文电影等多种方式来增加词汇量。同时，考生还需要注重对词汇的理解和运用，不仅要认识单词，还要理解其含义和用法

3. 提高阅读速度。阅读速度是阅读理解的重要因素之一。考生可以通过限时训练、阅读技巧训练等方式来提高阅读速度。在平时的练习中，可以选择一些篇幅较长、难度适中的文章进行训练，逐渐提高自己的阅读速度。

4. 注重细节。阅读理解题目中有很多细节信息，考生要善于捕捉这些信息，理解文章中的每一个细节，尤其是时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。

5. 理解文章结构和主题**。考生要了解文章的结构和主题，这有助于理解全文。在阅读时，可以尝试找出文章的主题句和关键段落，把握文章的主旨和要点。

6. 多做练习。要想提高阅读理解能力，多做练习是必不可少的。考生可以选择一些高考真题、模拟试题进行练习，逐渐熟悉阅读理解的出题方式和解题技巧。

7. 学会推理和判断。在阅读理解中，考生还需要学会推理和判断。要善于根据上下文推断单词或短语的含义，同时还要能够根据文章中的细节信息做出合理的判断和推测。

8. 掌握阅读策略。考生要掌握一些阅读策略，如略读、扫读、预测、概括等。这些策略可以帮助考生快速找到关键信息，理解文章主旨，提高阅读效率。

总之，提高高考英语阅读理解能力需要平时的积累和实践。通过调整心态、增加词汇量、提高阅读速度、注重细节、理解文章结构和主题、多做练习、学会推理和判断以及掌握阅读策略，相信考生一定能够在阅读理解部分取得好成绩。

 

    A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?

    Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the "out of sight, out of mind" principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.

    The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.

    Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place.

    Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.

    The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that         .            

A. people have unlimited self-control                B. high motivation ensures one's success

C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted     D. too many temptations often lead to failure

（2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means         .            

A. make use of                          B. run out of                          C. build                          D. increase

（3）The author compares self—control to muscles         .            

A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower

B. to show the significance of regular exercise

C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up

D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control

（4）To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?            

A. "I will give up dessert and do exercise."         B. "I will set three goals this new semester."

C. "I will read an English novel every month."   D. "I will keep myself from any temptation."

【答案】 

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C   

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。

 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.”可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选C。

 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down."可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出"tap into"指利用，与make use of同义。故选A。

 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.”可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故选D。

 （4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.”可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项"I will read an English novel every month."是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故选C。

 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。