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举例

    Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates（灵长类）to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo（胚胎）splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus（原子核）with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.

    Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadn't been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers' pouring water on the idea that the team's results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.

    But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.

（1）What do we know about the technology called SCNT?            

A. It created the first two primates.                     B. It may contribute to editing the DNA

C. It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.         D. It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.

（2）What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?            

A. Keeping a hot topic of it.                                 B. Having a low opinion of it.

C. Attaching no importance to it.                        D. Adding supportive evidence to it.

（3）What is the scientists' purpose to clone these monkeys?            

A. To help with the study of human diseases.         B. To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.

C. To prepare for their research on human cloning.         D. To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.

（4）What can we infer from the passage?            

A. New techniques seem to be pointless.           B. Cloning humans is already on its way.

C. Society won't agree to clone another monkey.         D. The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D  

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们利用高科技克隆猴子帮助研究人类疾病。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.”可知，SCNT可能有助于编辑DNA。故选B。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers' pouring water on the idea that the team's results bring scientists closer to cloning humans.”可知在第二段中“pouring water on the idea”的意思是“对它的评价很低。”故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans.”可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.“和最后一段中的“Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.“可知，克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。