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举例

    Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.

    As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.

    Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去) all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.

    Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.

    Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.

    If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.

    This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.

（1）The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT           .            

A.the right amount of atmosphere

B.our own solar system

C.steady heat and light

D.the right distance from the sun

（2）Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?            

A.The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.

B.Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life.

C.Double stars can provide steady light and heat.

D.The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.

（3）What kind of planet might NOT support life?            

A.Most of the planets of the stars.

B.Stars similar to our sun.

C.Planets similar to the earth.

D.Planets with proper conditions.

（4）At the end of the passage the author suggests that           .            

A.it is impossible for life to exist on planets

B.earthlike life could only exist on a few planets

C.life could exist on only one planet in a million

D.life could exist on a great number of planets

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D   

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，整个宇宙都是由同一种物质构成的，物质在宇宙的每一部分都遵循同样的规律。因此，我们有理由猜测，其他恒星，以及它们自己的行星，都是以与我们太阳系相同的方式诞生的。我们对地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在适当的条件，生命就会出现。

 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere”；第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light.”以及第五段中“Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun”可知，生命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太阳系。故选B。

 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知，生命也需要稳定的光和热供应。这就排除了双星，或突然爆发的恒星。故选C。

 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet.”可知，大部分行星都不能维持生命，因为他们要么离太阳太近，要么离太阳太远，要么与地球大小和重量不一样，而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命确实。故选A。

 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.”可知， 然而，即使生命可能只存在于百万分之一的行星上，但仍有数十亿的行星可能存在生命。可知，生命可能在许多星球存在。故选D。

 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。