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高考英语阅读理解专项练习题十篇有答案解析

 

举例

Plastic-Eating Worms

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”

 

43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics.

D. They wind up in landfills.

44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to            .

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings

D. increase the breakdown speed

45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might            .

A. help to raise worms

B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans

D. be produced in factories in future

46. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms.

B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C. To present a way to break down plastics.

D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.

 

【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们人类每年会生产大量的塑料，大多被掩埋在垃圾场，对海洋造成严重污染，至今还没有有效方法解决，但是一项新的研究表明大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解塑料．

【解答】43-46 CBDC 

43．C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段中的"Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,  which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams"可知，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此答案选C．

44．B．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）?"可知，下一步将是确定分解的原因．它是由蠕虫本身或肠道微生物产生的酶发挥的作用，由此可知答案选B．

45．D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段中的"But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic"可以推断出这种化学物质将来会在生产过程中使用，由此可知答案选D．

46．C．写作目的题．通过整体内容可知这篇文章主要讲了一项关于蠕虫可以分解塑料的方法的研究，由此可知答案选C．