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举例

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.

 Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.

 

47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.

A. help deal with transportation-related problems

B. provide better services to customers

C. cause damage to our environment

D. make some people lose jobs

48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?

A. Safety. B. Side effects.     C. Affordability. D. Management.

49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Employed. B. Replaced.        C. Shared. D. Reduced.

50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?

A. Doubtful. B. Positive.     C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.

 

【分析】本文讲述无人驾驶汽车的时代就要到来，讲述了它的优缺点，我们应该如何去管理无人驾驶汽车，让它更好地服务于人类．

【解答】47-50 ADAB

47．A，事实细节题，根据第二段policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．但政策制定者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何有助于减少交通拥堵、减少排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择．无人驾驶车辆的到来是一个机会来确保这些车辆环保和更多的共享."，可知选A．

48．D，推理判断题，根据第一段for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated．是好是坏，这取决于这种转变的调控方式．可知D选项正确：作者担心的是管理．

49．A，词义猜测题，根据后面的句子 But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．但无人驾驶汽车的拥有率可能会随着价格的下降和越来越多的人对这项技术感到满意而增加．和前面的句子是转折关系，所以可知前面是说"考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，第一批可用的无人驾驶汽车几乎可以肯定是由专车服务的"，所以选A．

50．B，考查推理判断题，根据第一段：the future is apparently now，未来很明显是指现在，和根据最后一段： The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it未来的汽车就要来了．我们只需要计划一下．，可知作者的态度是肯定的．所以选B．

【点评】考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．