大学英语听力短对话技巧---否定

a. 题型特点

    这类试题要求考生对肯定和否定关系加以判断。否定主要包括表面否定和隐含否定两类。表面否定通常是通过否定词或含有否定意义的词或词组表达出来。

    常见的否定词有:

    完全否定: no, no one, nobody, none, never, nothing, neither, no:等;

    部分否定: barely. hardly , few, little , rarely, scarcely , seldom ,not all等;

    常见的含有否定意义的词和词组有:dislike, deny, fail, ignore, miss, refuse, beyond, without, rather than , far from , free from .instead of,short of,too…to等。

    隐含否定型试题的特点是虽然含义是否定的，但是没有任何否定词。对话一方提出问题，另一方不直接回答，而是通过讲一个事实来表示否定。常用来表示否定意义的有:虚拟条件句，used to, but, however等。这类否定形式在考试中占绝大多数。

    常见的提问方式:
    What do we learn from the conversation?
    What does…mean?
    What does the woman think of…?
    What does…most probably do?
    What is the woman's opinion of…?
    How did the man feel about…?

b.试题分析

    例1. M:Boating and skating are my favorite sports.
         W:I like swimming,but not boating or skating.
         Q:Which sport does the woman like?
         A) Skating.                       B) Swimming.
         C) Boating and swimming.          D) Boating and skating.

    【解析】这是个简单的表面否定型题，这种题型相对容易，考生只要抓住对话中表示否定的词或词组，即可对所给选项进行筛选，找出正确答案。在上述例子中，女士一开始就直截了当地说“I like swimming. "，表明了她的态度，另外“but not boating or skating”又否定boating和skating，所以正确答案是选项B)。

    例2. M:Could you come and play tomorrow?
         W:My mother will come.
         Q:What's the woman's response?
         A) She'll certainly come.
         B) She is not sure whether she will come.
         C) She can't come.
         D) Her mother will come.

    【解析】这是一道隐含否定题，测试学生推理判断隐含信息的能力。男士邀请女士明天来玩，女士没有直接回答是否会来，只是告诉对方她母亲要来，也就是说她不能来，这是含有否定意义但没有否定词的回答。正确答案是选项C)。