大学英语听力短对话技巧---推理

a. 题型特点

    推理题是一种比较主观的题型，经常就对话中某一方讲话的含义或整个对话的含义进行提问。在这一类试题中，说话人常用重读、升降语调等手段表达自己的感情、观点等。如用重读表示赞成、感叹、讽刺，用陈述句升调表示怀疑，问句用降调表示肯定，第二个人用升调重复问题表示怀疑或反驳。因此，在听力考试中应试者不仅要听懂对话的内容，而且要根据对话者说话的语气、语调，推断出可能的答案。

    常见的提问形式:
    What does the man( woman) mean?
    What does the woman( man) imply?
    What can we learn from the conversation?
    What can be inferred from the conversation?
    What can be concluded from the conversation?
    What is this conversation?
    What are they talking about?

b. 试题分析

例1. W : Simon , oh，well，could you return the tools I lend you for building the bookshelf last
          month?
     M : Oh，I hate to tell you this, but I can't seem to find them.
     Q : What do we learn from the conversation? (2005年6月试题)
        A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
        B)The man hasn't finished working on the bookshelf.
        C) The tools have already been returned to the woman.
        D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.

    【解析】有关推理的题型，有时会要求应试者从一事物中找出另一事物的内在含义，即在对话双方中，一方提问，另一方作答，而回答大多是答非所问。这种题型乍听起来好像很难从选项中找出正确答案，但只要认真思考就能找出与对话内容有关的信息。在上述例子中，对话的前一部分女人的话虽然相当复杂，包括“要求返还”、“返还物品”、“租借理由”、“租借时间”等复杂信息，但这些都没有成为考点，而是选择了男人那句简单回答中的转折后的中心内容为考点。男士回答说:“Oh, I hate to tell you this, but I can't seem to find them.”据此可以推知对方借给他的工具找不到了。因此选项D)正确。

例2. M : Well,the holiday is well soon be here.
     W : Yes ,isn't it exciting by this time next week,we'll he on the plane?
     Q : What do we learn from the conversation?
         A)The woman doesn't think it exciting to travel by air.
         B) They'll stay at home during the holidays.
         C)They are offered some plane tickets for their holidays.
         D)They'll be flying somewhere for their vacation.

    【解析】在实际对话中，经常出现这样的情况: 被提问者不直接回答对方的问题，而采用反问的方式，往往被提问者的态度、决定等寓于反问句中，我们可以根据被提问者的反问做出判断，选出正确答案。例2中，男士说:“假期马上就要到了。”女士没有直接表示赞同，她用了反问句回答:"isn't it exciting ... "(我们下周这时候就在飞机上了，多让人激动啊！)从她的话语中我们可以推测出，他们要乘飞机去度假，所以正确答案为选项D)。