初中宾语从句讲解

一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 if、whether 一般情况下可以互换，但在构成whether…or not 句式只用whether例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
 
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.     Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
I don’t know ________(是否) he will come to my party or not.
变为陈述句语序：
Is she a worker?                                   Will they do it ?
Can you answer this question?                                 
Whose pen is it ?
Are there any pens on the desk?                    Do you speak English?
Does he play football?                            How are you ?
What are you doing ?                             Why are you so late ?
Where do you live ?                               How old are you
What does she like best?                          What’s wrong with Kate ?
 
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us what they bought in the mall yesterday.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
 
四、宾语从句变反意疑问句
如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。
I think he is a good student ，isn’t he?
They want to know if he is a good student ， don’t they ？

(责任编辑：谷雨英语单词速记网)